Journal: eLife
Article Title: Perinatal hormones favor CC17 group B Streptococcus intestinal translocation through M cells and hypervirulence in neonates
doi: 10.7554/eLife.48772
Figure Lengend Snippet: Human Caco-2 enterocytes were polarized on standard plates ( a ) or Transwell inserts ( b to h ) for 14–21 days. ( b to h ) Human Raji B lymphocytes were added in the lower compartment of the culture chamber in order to obtain a cellular layer composed of enterocytes and M cells and the cell culture medium was supplemented with E2-P4 concentrations equivalent to those found at birth (E2: 10 −8 M, P4: 10 −6 M; E2-P4 C 0 condition) and 7 days later (E2: 10 −9 M, P4: 10 −7 M; E2-P4 C 7 condition) for 6 days before infection. Control cells were maintained in regular cell culture medium without E2 and P4 supplementation. Epithelial cells were infected by their apical side with bacteria at a multiplicity of infection 10 ( a ) and 100 ( c to h ) for 2 hr. ( a ) Bacterial adherence and invasion of a cellular monolayer composed of enterocytes. ( b ) Representative confocal microscopy image of the epithelial layer obtained following Caco-2 and Raji co-culture showing enterocytes and M cells. ( c ) Transcytosis of CC17 GBS across a monolayer strictly composed of enterocytes and a monolayer composed of both enterocytes and M cells. ( d ) Representative confocal microscopy images showing CC17 and CC23 GBS adherence to the enterocytes + M cells epithelial layer. ( e ) Bacterial adherence of CC17 and CC23 GBS to the enterocytes + M cells epithelial layer. ( f ) Quantitative imaging analysis of bacterial association with M cells expressed as the proportion of bacteria associated with GP2 positive cells relative to total adherent bacteria. ( g ) Representative confocal microscopy image showing the presence of several CC17 GBS cocci at the surface and inside an M cell. ( g1 to g3 ) Orthogonal views of ( g ). ( d to g ) Experiments were carried out in E2-P4 C 7 condition. ( h ) Quantitative imaging analysis of CC17 GBS association with M cells in E2-P4 C 0 , E2-P4 C 7 , and control condition. ( a, c, e, f, h ) Results are expressed as mean ± SEM.≥3 experiments in duplicate. ( b, d, g ) Tight junctions are labeled with anti-ZO1 antibody, M cells with anti-GP2 antibody, GBS with anti-GBS antibody, and actin with phalloidin. Multiple-group comparisons were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test ( c and h ) and single-group comparisons by Mann-Whitney test ( e and f ). *p<0.05; **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
Article Snippet: The human B lymphocytes cell line Raji (ATCC CCL-86, RRID: CVCL_0511 ) was cultured at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere in RPMI 1640 medium with GlutaMax (ThermoFisher) with 10% inactivated FCS (Eurobio).
Techniques: Cell Culture, Infection, Control, Bacteria, Confocal Microscopy, Co-Culture Assay, Imaging, Labeling, MANN-WHITNEY